鞍山师范学院学报

为了解鞍山地区常见野菜重金属含量水平及其食用安全性，以城市道路两侧野生的荠菜、车前草、蒲公英、中华苦荬菜为研究对象，利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定野菜中镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)等6种重金属含量，并运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法以及靶标危害系数法对野菜可食用部位的重金属污染状况及对人群存在的健康风险进行评价.结果表明：4种野菜中6种重金属含量由多到少依次为Zn、Mn、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd,其中，Pb、Ni含量超过食品中污染物限量标准，超标率分别为100.0%和86.1%;Zn元素接近限值.野菜可食用部位Pb含量范围为0.566～0.733 mg·kg^-1,以荠菜最高；Ni含量范围为0.770～1.521 mg·kg^-1,以蒲公英最高.单因子污染评价显示，野菜中的Pb和Ni为中污染或轻污染级别，Zn为轻污染；内梅罗综合污染评价显示，野菜的重金属复合污染处于轻污染级别，污染程度大小依次为蒲公英、荠菜、中华苦荬菜、车前草.野菜单一重金属靶标危害系数THQ值均小于1.0,但复合靶标危害系数TTHQ值均大于1.0,表明该区域野菜的重金属复合污染会对人体健康产生威胁，Pb是引起健康风险的主要重金属.鞍山地区城市道路两侧自然生长的野菜存在重金属复合污染情况，采摘食用对人群存在一定的健康风险.

In order to explore the content of heavy metals of several common potherbs in Anshan area and their edible security, four kinds of potherbs, inclduing shepherd's purse, plantain grass, dandelion and ixeris chinensis, were selected as research objects.The concentrations of six heavy metals including Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.The heavy metals pollution status and the health risk to exposed populations in edible parts of four potherbs were estimated by the methods of single-factor pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index and target hazard quotient.The results showed that the sequence for the average content of 6 heavy metals in the four potherbs was Zn>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd.The contents of Pb and Ni in the edible parts exceeded the limits specified for food contaminants, and the exceeding rate was 100.0% and 86.1%,respectively.Zn levels approached the limit values.The content of Pb in potherbs ranged from 0.566 to 0.733 mg·kg^-1,the highest in shepherd's purse.The content of Ni ranged from 0.770 to 1.521 mg·kg^-1,which was found to be the highest in dandelion.The single-factor pollution index showed that Pb and Ni in potherbs were in the moderate or light pollution level, and Zn was light pollution.Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that the heavy metal composite pollution of potherbs was light pollution and the pollution severity was in the following sequence: dandelion>shepherd's purse>ixeris chinensis>plantain grass.The THQ value of single heavy metal of potherbs was less than 1.0,but the TTHQ value of compound heavy metals was greater than 1.0,indicating potential health risks for the exposed population.The potherbs of urban roadside in Anshan were in a situation of heavy metal compound pollution, posing certain health risks to the people picking and eating them.